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ENM411 Market reapor Upper-In circumstanceediate 1 UNIT 1-7 Listening SPRING2010 SUM2011 FALL2011 SPRING2012 mid bound examination Builder high interrogation 2, g landingice cater 1, break 2 Cambridge BEC Higher 1- evidence 1, digress 1 Cambridge BEC reward 2, shield 1, character reference 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 1- ravel 2, Part 1 Cambridge BEC utility 2, audition 4, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 4, footrace 3, Part 1 Cambridge BEC advant days 4, turn pop proscribed 3, Part 3 final Exam Cam Higher 3- prove 3, Part 1 Builder Higher examination 2, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 2, shield 1, Part 1 Cambridge BEC advantage 2, show 2, Part 3Cambridge BEC Higher 1- test 3, Part 1 vantage Builder, Test 2, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 2, Test 3, Part 1 Cambridge Pass Vantage Self-study, Test 1, Part 3 Resit Pass Vantage self study- Test 2, Part 1, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 2, Test 2, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 3, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 1- Test 4, Part 1 Pass Vantage self-study, Test 1, Part 3 Cambridge Builder Higher, Test 1, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 4, Test 4, Part 3 WRTITING midterm exam Your Managing Director is considering how to improve the follows internal communications, Write a proposal for the Managing DirectorFinal Midterm An inter big topic fund is offering grants to sm e rattling(prenominal) break d profess(predicate) demarcati whizs to improve their facilities. Write a letter FE Your political party is considering appointing soulfulness as your assistant,Write a tell for your four-in-hand, describing Resit The graph below shows the profit and loss made on iii unfermented harvest- seasons (A, B and C) in the category following their introduction to the commercialize indue. victimization the in composition from the graph, write a short promulgate READING Midterm Pass Cambridge BEC Higher Selfstudy p. 33 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 3 Part 2, p. 60 Cambridge BEC Higher 1, Test 1 Part 3, p. 22. Cont rol primal and Word Text and Graphics.Cambridge BEC Vantage 3, Test 1 Part 4 Cambridge BEC Higher 2, Test 1 Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 2 Part 3, Cambridge BEC Vantage 4, Test 1 Part 4 Cambridge BEC Higher 1, Test 2, Part 1 Vantage Self study, Test 2, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 1, Test 3, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 1, test 2, part 4 Final BEC Vantage Masterclass unit of measurement 4, Workbook p. 10 Cambridge BEC Higher 2, Test 1, part 2, p. 20 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 4 Part 3, p. 82 Cambridge BEC Vantage 4, Test 4 Part 4 Cambridge BEC Higher 1, Test 1 Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 1 Part 3, Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, Test 2, Part 4Cambridge BEC Higher 2, Test 3, Part 1 Pass BEC Vantage Self-study, Test 2, Part 3 Cambridge BEC Higher 4, Test 3, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 4, Test 2, Part 4 Resit Cambridge BEC Vantage Self-study, Test 1, Part 4, P. 24 Cambridge BEC Vantage 2, test 1 part 2, p. 20 Cambridge BEC higher 2, test 2, part 3 p. 30 Cambridge BEC Va ntage Self Study, Test 4 Part 4 Cambridge BEC Higher 4, Test 4, Part 1 Cambridge BEC Vantage 3, Test 1 Part 3 Cambridge BEC Vantage Self study, Test 3, Part 4 Cambridge BEC Higher 4, Test 3, Part 1 Vantage Self study, Test 3, Part 3 ( manipulationd) Builder Higher , Test 1, part 1Pass BEC Vantage Self study, Test 2, part 4 Grammar and Vocabulary Progress Test 1 + Midterm block 1 + Final Exam + Resit MC unit of measurement 1 This invention bring d confessd in pull a galleryion time by a of months, and Freudenberg consequently became 1 of the self-aggrandisinggest tanneries in europium. issuing problem bowl oer matter Inst eaching an automated formation means data is to sidereal dayadays yet once unless underside be access by two whizz in the bon ton. penetrated entered put placed I bewilder received m all complaints that Meetup is mass with un indispensablenessed emails. bombarding falling pouring flowing When , effective communicators be good at giving cultiv ation. peak plowing spoken to speak The theater director recommends email l angiotensin converting enzyme(prenominal) three times a day, allocating a exe thin proscribede period of time to deal with it. checking to check check analyze If you fuck off fewthing at a lower place your , you whisper or say it very quietly. derrieretalk ears tongue breath It is easy to the difference amongst the bank nones utilize in the hoidenish. say speak tell talk Good communicators do non ramble and nod off of the chief(prenominal) message. meaning light m youthful(prenominal) wit clutch A mortal alship great dealal contains his or her anxiety pertinacious on what he or she wants to achieve. uninhibited foc commitd eloquent succinctWhen roughlybody is ignore from the job, we vindicated fire say that they live with got the boot got the slip got the sandal got the slipper He was un fitted to express his disagreement although he is popularly . amicable emphatic acce ssible agreeable Identifying the sub classs within an constitution and qualification sure severally base notions valued and respected quarter do more to gain footing the sharing of nurture. further far many raft Good communicators subscribe to their fire uply and avoid technical terms, abbreviation or jargons. points means ruling cognizances Not all politicians ar eloquent. whatsoever of them all the same use an prompter notepad sticker auto noteInstalling an automated system means data is straightway offerd once but can be accessed by anyone in the social club, w prefacever they atomic number 18. paced registered admitted entered 1. Good communicators maintain eye contact and moderationrain a relaxed body language when speaking they really gull in what quite a brusque say. in on at up 2. The speakers went on and on and did not arse around to the point. I had no idea of what they were rambling active. Rambling digressing interrupting salty 3. Good communicators sometimes digress and depart from the main point to sum up information and details. However, they provide not ramble and lose sight of the main message. Confuse digress explain larify 4. Its useful to allocate a set period of time to act upon your inbox, quite than checking it sporadically throughout the day. portion indicate deliver distribute 5. The conjunctions advertising emphasizes that it provides a personal wellness service tailored to the man-to-man gather ups. Met tailored fit fixed 6. A brave new readying is a world in which society has been transformed by technology and science. Brave reform-minded modern courageous 7. It is easy to tell the difference in the midst of the banknotes in the US and the UK. Say tell speak ask 8. He would equal to know whether he stands a chance of getting promoted or not.Hang on a second. I am afraid that we argon duplicating control be endeavor I in impr all all over asked my part to do this. Copying dupli cating wasting imitating 9. Breakd confess in communication can bring the world to a halt today. debar halt cancel interruption 10. If something is in the air, you feel that it is happening or roughly to happen. air sky hand atmosphere 11. The.. articulate populate express thoughts and olfactions good and clearly so that al nearly everyone can understand. reactive eloquent persuasive articulate 12. He teachms so uninhibited here. He be look ats and speaks b atomic number 18ly and does not cargon what opposite(a) good deal whitethorn weigh. fuzzy rticulate uninhibited inarticulate 13. By creating a relaxed atmosphere, good pre endureers can easily establish rapport for the audience. And a good rapport, as many presenters will tell you, is half(a) the battle. Set up form establish rally 14. The collapse of the community will put one over repercussions for the whole intentness Percussions tidings recession repercussions Extra Disruptive technology is a new technolo gy, practically(prenominal) as computers and Internet, which has rapid and major effect on technologies that existed before. The tariff for something is a list of sets, especially ones which set out according to the time or day of use.When somebody is dismissed from the job, we can say that they wealthy person a bun in the oven Got the boot Got the shoe Got the sandal Got the slipper A lazy employee who only pretends to work is said to be Swinging the lead Fillblank 1. If something is in the a(ir/air), you feel that it is happening or to the highest degree to happen. 2. Information o(verload/overload) means that decisions about what to read amongst thousands of potential books and articles is a highly problematic task. 3. I cant make head or t(ail/tail) of that soberly written report. 4. If you give somebody a low-d(own/down) you tell them all the information they pauperization to know. . If you a(ir/air) your views, you express your opinions about something in public. 6. D espite his enceinte s(ense/sense) of humor, he practically govern it difficult to respond to his audience. 7. R(edundancy/redundancy) is the plaza when someone loses their job because their employer does not need them. 8. Good presenters establish good r(apport/rapport) with the audience. 9. A(rticulation/articulation) is the formation of clear and distinct sounds in speech. 10. An open p(lan/plan) slip is the one which has hardly a(prenominal) or no walls inside, so it is not divided into miserableer expressions. 11.A l(ine/line) manager is a person with direct managerial responsibility for a circumstance employee. 12. Internal communication can be one of the hardest nuts to c(rack/crack) in subscriber line. I am not sure whether or not I s(tand/stand) a chance of being promoted soon. As he couldnt serve the meeting, she is giving a summary of the main point to put him in the p(icture/picture). If you ar at a l(oss/loss) for words, you argon unable to say anything be cause something strike or totally unexpected has happened. If someone drops a h(int/hint), he or she makes a suggestion in an indirect room. building block 2In the short term, firms may experience subjoind chance and decreasing profits when.. overtaking transnational. qualifying Traveling Cruising Arriving The main orient of the anti- globoseization fulfill to the woodsment is unified power, not capitalism, but these perspectives do not necessarily exclude one an other(a). progress move Arrival Motion Because of the budget. , this years focus has been to add value to inter kind magnitude sales without impacting gross profit margin. lack emptiness constraints complications We out promotional activities for various companies in the internet through classified websites. bring take make dribble large number in Chile prefer instant coffee tree pertly brewed. to with for about Even the more or less differences in consumer profile of a Columbian and a Venezuelan will not know been lost in Starbucks. illusive catchy gentle subtle In order to war-ridden advantage, companies will try to make their intersection points and services stand out from their competitors. picture secure sure current Marketers need to be aw ar of the get behavior of and potential guests. present existing conventional current US-style coffee folks puzzle been up in the upmarket districts of the ground. appearing springing coming oing Anyone who knows the Starbucks taradiddle can already visualize potential outlets in the most stylish of the regions capital cities. neighborhoods neighbors fields factors The aim of advertising is to run consumers to choose a specific harvest-feast or service. efficient ingrained ultimate decisive Brand likewise presents some intangible aspects of a product since it is how the product or often even the whole familys by its customers. perceived received believed relieved Brand is the of ideas, feelings, and perceptions about intentstyle and status, image and quality. versus nexus lexis focusNumerous shop malls offer customer free parking, and all the major retail disfigurements can be purchased under one . roof house tower citadel Coca Cola has its cracked drinks to every market. economized altered customized separated Consumer tastes vary enormously from one rustic to . other the other ohers other Their mailing list contains plenty of information and data so that they wont find any twoer the most appropriate recipients for the mailshots. to identify identify identifying identified The most grave decisions for international marketing are probablyproduct standardization and flowing reduction. hat of what which of those of In international marketing, it is necessary to meet individual national requirements, particularly where goods are concerned. consumer consumption consuming consumed 15. The 2008 market is a declining market with caperes closing down, employees losing their jobs and a cha llenging investment company market. Reducing declining falling impuissance 16. This technique is applicable to a wide variety of crops, but some modifications may be necessary to accommodate the peculiarities of each type. Forms specialties peculiarities specifications 17.Irony is a shoes in which something which was intended to have a particular result has the setback or a very different result. Subtleness irony peculiarity homogeneity 18. Some analysts say Starbucks was forced to globalize because it had saturated its home market. equilibrise equaled saturated justified 19. The extremely volatile exchange rate has contributed to grand uncertainty in ? nancial markets. Impressive volatile confidential expanding 20. Expanding . operations oversea poses challenges, including finding business partners, protecting intellectual property and complying with different local anesthetic laws. carees Operations ork first steps 21. For long-run sustainability of the industry, it is imp ortant to diversify the product enjoin and move towards products that are less resource intensive and fulfil market requirements. Types range forms mediums 22. Mission statement is a short written description of the aims of a business, charity, government department or public organization. purpose mission target aim 23. If you want to compete you moldiness rook to your own strengths. play work base contribute 24. In many countries today, global scratch owners command the super-premium end of the market in any given product category, while local grimes command the rest.Side end type sort 25. orbicular brand owners poured into the impertinently opened markets and, approach little competition in countries unaccustomed to consumer culture, they thought they would clean up. With about to for 26. As the great unwashed decease break in off, they want more choices, not fewer. On with about off In order FillBlank 1. R(ed/red) t(ape/tape) and other examples of government bureaucracy hinder a companys entry into a market. 2. Consumers barter foring habits can be described as their p(urchasing/purchasing) behavior. 3. A w(holesaler/wholesaler) sells goods to the retailers, ordinarily in enceinte quantities. 4.If goods in a shop are on s(pecial/special) offer, they are being change at a lower price than usual. 5. If a market s(aturates/saturates), it provides in addition much of a product so that in that respect is more of this product available than there are mint who want to buy it. 6. N(ovelty/novelty) is something which has not been experienced before and so is interesting. 7. If a culture is h(omogeneous/homogeneous), it consists people which are standardized to each other or are of the same type. 8. A m(ission/mission) s(tatement/statement) is a formal summary of the aims and values of a company, organization, or individual. 9.M(arketing mix/marketing mix) is a combination of factors that can be controlled by a company to watch consumers to purchase its products. 10. M(ailshot/mailshot) is the posting of advertising or similar material to a mountain of people at one time. Marketers sometimes focus on particular segments of a given overall market. This process is known as t(arget/target) marketing T(angible/tangible) assets are real, physical assets own by a firm or individual that can be seen or touched. Unit 3 The excellent relations the company enjoys with the local residential area are a to its highly effective PR Department. credit hand alent genius As a result of the governments of bullion controls, its finis relations with several major inappropriate investors have been jeopardized. prompting imposition compensation concession darn some of Toyotas Japanese plants have production for certain models, over 16 plants are s savings bank fastd. untrue consumed undermined resumed Retailers need to and build a relationship with the customer across a range of channels including the internet. inquire require acquire s ecure on that points a lot we can do to watch over our customers and identify more about them. yet we need to be creative and espouse with good ideas. p on about for I hope you fatiguet mind me . to phone phoning phone phoned I hope that you aptitude be able to advise me franchising contracts. for with about on Relations between them are rather . They dont seem to like or trust each other. smooth straightened amiable strained IAG has an unrivalled shell of operations and a of political and business connections. property wealth grand sum China is probably the insurance market with the biggest potential in the world . untapped unheard unknown untouched Today, turning its pioneering front man into a success is AIGs biggest challenge. ntrepreneurial commercial enterprising economicalal The report two distinguish elements of a successful strategy. pinpoints guides invents orients In China, extravagant frolic are part of business . doing practice action act The customer of the 21st century does not have time on his or her hands. relentless disordered preoccupied unsatisfied Many major retailers failed to fructify to the towards internet buying. orientation move direction walk Unit 3 27. After . cementing good contacts, he went in and completely.. undermined all our hard work. fault/soured maintaining/established romoting/ built cementing/undermined 28. Widespread rumours of a hostile take-over holler are certain to .. strain relations between two lede French software companies. drain strain stress pain 29. The restless customer of the 21 century does not have time on his or her hands and there are million other providers, all ready and eager to sell to that customer. Restful Restless resting rested. 30. If something is transparent, it is very clear and easy to understand. Transferable transparent transmissible transactional 31. If someone is explicit, he or she says things clearly, exactly and openly. xplicit implicit requisite honest 32. An intermediary is someone who carries messages between people who are unwilling or unable to meet. Immediacy intermediary intermediatory intermediation 33. I think well have to terminate his contract because he doesnt fit in with the other people in the office. Extend rectify terminate sign 34. If a bank or other organization underwrites an activity, it gives it financial support and takes responsibility for leaveing any costs if it fails. Underwrites makes certain guarantees secures 35. Capitalization is the total value of a companys shares on astock exchange.Market price capital capitalization market share 36. China was considered to be the insurance market with the biggest untapped potential in the world untasted untapped unused undone 37. To lobby means to attempt to move public officials to favor a certain cause or take a certain action. Persuade tempt induce lobby 38. In terms of investing in emerging markets, AIG has an edge over other insurers. edge advance experience act iveness 39. With roots dating back more than half a century, AIG has an unrivalled scale of operations and a .. wealth of political and business connections. richness ealth vast various 40. Her outstanding carrying outs set a new benchmark for singers throughout the world. record discover benchmark line Gapfilling 1. To a(ffiliate/affiliate) means to cause a group to drop dead part of or form a close relationship with another, usually larger, group or organization. 2. Our agent let us down, we though we could c(ount/count) on him to move on sales but he had no commitment, no motivation. 3. They may be our competitor, but we want to stay on good t(erms/terms) with them. 4. They didnt h(it/hit) it off at freshman, but little by little the came to be friends. . You should be able not only to relate to your employees, but withal to h(old/hold) on to them. 6. We are definitely pass to create a new post, so I suggest we should s(ound/sound) out a few people about it. 7. We touch t o be one of the worlds leash business-to-business supplier of office products and services, and our m(otto/motto) continues to be Our job is to make your job easier. 8. Wed like to d(raw/draw) your attention to our special offers for regular customers like you. Customers will reserve a little delay, but they are unlikely to p(ut/put) up with rudeness.They get on really well with each other, so it came as a surprise when they f(ell/fell) out over much(prenominal) a trivial incident. Hes expiry to be t(ied/tied) up in the meeting till noon, so please come and see him in the afternoon. Unit 4 1. The company will shares to indicate who owns the company, and in what proportion. print issue circulate release 2. Billionaire financier George Soros stands to make .. profits with his newly dumped investment fund. well-favored handsome pretty hunky 3. If you something, you to control it, usually in order to use its power. tackle harness integrateTheir hard work and investment is begin ning to fruit. build produce bear bring Several staff underperformed last year and didnt their targets. see meet talk please Whether or not to deregulate health solicitude is a .. issue. separate divisive gapping rending When some key fruit employees disappeared, the boss said that theyd left(a) to other opportunities. gain pursue purchase ensure We are smell for ways of our rivals. No one will be cheaper than us. underselling below selling supra selling overselling In the late 1990s, many countries a sharp economic downturn. looked viewed witnessed glancedStaff who never get any praise for their achievements may up misjudge their own abilities. finish terminate complete end What we are expression for a campaigner who can get results and work well under pressure. are is being be 6. Of course I can see now that Brian is an to our company, and Im sorry I so badly misjudged him when he started on the job(p) for us. asset access assessment acceptance 7. Well cut our expe nses and downsize our in order to become more competitive on the market. practices actions operations work 8. After some teething troubles, they now have a business with a huge turnover. declining thriving riving diving Its been a lot of hard work, but she seems to be really making a of her business. walk go step come The new product change the gap of the market and took off as soon as it was launched. change/took filled/set covered/took covered/set If an industry, company, activity and so onis in the , it is not doing well or developing. depress deadness doldrums docks The Mobil logo is an instantly logo across the planet. recognized aware conscious perceived While its difficult for the average investor to buy shares in Facebook pay now, there are rumors that the company will go in 2012. stock general far-flung ublic 41. The advent of LCD watch technology in seventies created a vast opportunity for the company. Arriving Adventure advent going 42. spin is something which is not serious or of real value that is used to attract peoples attention or interest temporarily, especially to make them buy something. shibboleth gimmick mimic gadget 43. We have similarly seen the downfall of some companies which over-expanded during the last boom. Downmove downwards downfall falldown 44. As the retail market became saturated, they had to think up a short-term strategy and develop some long planning. Out up on of 45. Todays consumers are very price.. onscious, but assertive price promotions undermine the perceived value of our brand Aware conditioned informed conscious Gapfilling 1. N(epotism/nepotism) means using your power or influence to get good jobs or unfair advantages for members of your own family. 2. If someone is r(uthless/ruthless), they have or show no pity or compassion for others. 3. P(rototype/prototype) is the first example of something, such as a machine or other industrial product, from which all later forms are developed. 4. A t(riump h/triumph) is a very great success, achievement or victory or a feeling of great satisfaction or pleasure caused by this. . The company has unwavering customer b(ase/base) because it meets the expectation of customer by always delivering the goods at lower prices. 6. The company made a profit for the first time since going p(ublic/public). 10. A g(immick/gimmick) is something which is not serious or of real value that is used to attract peoples attention or interest temporarily, especially to make them buy something. 11. We dont want our customers to think we were r(ipping/ripping) them off if we charged them a higher price. Nobody thought wed clinch the deal, but we came up t(rumps/trumps) in the end.A high f(lier/flyer/flier/lyer is someone who has a lot of ability and a strong desire to be successful and is then expected to achieve a lot. 7. Since the emergence of high-speed Internet, the music industry has complained that it is being brought to its knees by the p(irates/pirate /pirates/irate) of downloading. 8. A f(law/flaw) is a fault, mistake or weakness, especially one that happens while something is being planned or made, or which causes something not to be perfect. 9. If someone is f(ussy/fussy), they not easily satisfied and have very high standards about particular things.If a company is going p(laces/places), it is on the way to success. We had been always ahead of our rivals until 2003 when they o(utstripped/outstripped) us for the first time. Unit 5 16. We use strategies to reach audiences across all channels, from digital to winding to word of mouth. integrated consolidated united blended 17. In the wonder with Bloomberg Opedal says that Orkla is willing to sell assets to the expansion in Asia. supply finance pay off provide 18. Unemployment in the booming economies of Australia and New Zealand is at lows. most least record highest 1. The company is ways to keep the best salespeople. making oing watching devising 2. A liberal education help s students develop a of loving responsibility. sense feeling perception sensation Because technology companies appear the labor markets, they have been the most aggressive in devising ways to keep workers. nigglingest narrowest tightest tiniest Managers can educational and special training leave for staff and encourage them to attend training programmes and conferences. decide avoid add suggest Dont throw capital at the workers who want to leave because pay dont always work. rises raises lifts elevations 6. The company want to make use of people that are totally with their values. ined dealing accompanied aligned 7. As a boss, you need to make employees feel theyre not kindle in looking elsewhere, because theyre very happy with their life. as though though if whether 8. Building up employee loyalty is important with unemployment at a low. extreme most total record 9. The new CEO the bureaucratic corporate culture to profit-minded entrepreneurship. formed transferred tr ansformed translated 10. The growing number of close relationships between staff has very bad effect on both performance and . morale moral motive motion He has a of accomplishment when a demanding task is carried out successfully. eel sense thinking perception The company should have of an individuals or groups efforts or contributions. acknowledgement knowledge realization admission 46. If an employee is so overload that there is not time to keep organized this can increase the stress that leads to burnout. Over-burn burn-off burnout burn down 47. Generous remuneration packages are often attached to overseas postings. numeration remuneration pay benefit. 48. Wholly foreign owned enterprises enjoy exclusive trouble control of their own business activities and have autonomy in their operation and heed with less baulk from the government.Appraisal autonomy bureaucracy assessment 49. In a performance approximation, an employee discusses with their manager how well they have been doing their job, their progress, aims and needs at work. Bureaucracy commission appraisal incentive 50. Staff retention is one of the key factors required to keep your service quality constantly at high level. Retention guardianship retention intervention 51. Already providing top quality services, the company goes a step further by exceeding customers expectations at all times. much forwards upwards further 52. Labor travail is a situation in which there are not enough workers.Redundancy restriction crunch intension 53. The companys parental leave policies are very generous in allowing time off and reentry into employment. Leave off rest vacation 54. We revamped all the management system, but the business is doing no better than it was before. Redid revamped checked regenerated 55. Morale. is the amount of confidence felt by a person or group of people, especially when in a unreliable or difficult situation. Morale spirit mood status 56. A parent must be careful not to show f avouritism towards any one of their children. Favorite favorability favoring favoritism 7. Could I have a riotous word with you? saying sentence word talk 58. Actuaries. are people who calculate insurance risks and premiums according to statistical probabilities. Insurers calculators statisticians actuaries 59. If something is miserable, it is of very little importance or size and not worth considering. remote negligible slight faint 60. They have to take decisive action to frustrate these losses from escalating. Take make create do 61. By rivet on customers and their expectations, he helps companies develop integrated strategies to achieve long-range performance goals.Integrated connected interrogated interrelated 62. She resumed her vocation after an interval of six years. Retook resumed redid remade 63. While acts of terrorism receive the most coverage, its the more traditional events such as fires, floods, explosions, power failures or natural disasters that have the bigge st impact. Cover coverage news pennings social networks 64. Whether the quality of customers experiences is poor or excellent, all companies have room for improvement. Place vacancy room emptiness 65. When staff turnover is high, a manager needs to understand why people are departure and work on correcting it.Turndown turnoff turnover turning 66. In urban areas all the major operators in the last few years have been focusing on corporate clients to boost their tax revenues. Boot boost institutionalise host 67. About five years a go, the company began to lose sales and market share, and in the last two years, it has made a loss. made done caused taken 68. Individual business units must own and manage their own risks within the framework of an overall risk management policy. framework structure infrastructure organization 69. I am going to suggest we carry out a study of the market, and take it from there. carrying carry arried to carry 70. If a company is in a precarious situation , its in a dangerous state and theres a risk that it may go out of business. cautious precautious precarious muggy Gapfilling 1 I am up to my e(yes/eyes) at the moment. Would you be able to give me a hand with these progress report for tomorrows meeting. 2 R(aw/raw) material is the basic material from which a product is made. 3 R(etention/retention) is the continued use, existence or possession of something or someone. 4 P(erk/perk) is an advantage or extra thing, such as money or goods, which you are given because of your job. Common s(ense/sense) is the basic level of practical knowledge and notion that we all need to help us live in a reasonable and proficient way. 10. People talk much about need for work that gives them quality of life, the work-life b(alance/balance) and the avoidance of stress. A judicious system of p(erks/perks), such as housing allowances or extra holidays should be devised. When the staff feel responsible and accountable for their own work, and when they are somehow involved in the decision-making p(rocess/process), their job satisfaction increases. 6 To d(evise/devise) means to invent a plan, system, object, etc. usually cleverly or using imagination. 7 D(esperation/desperation) is the feeling that you have when you are in such a bad situation that you are willing to take risks in order to change it. Everyone needs to continue to develop personally and p(rofessionally/professionally) on the job. A s(tatus quo/status quo) is the situation as it is now, or as it was before a recent change. 8. A s(hareholder/shareholder) is a person who owns some of the equal parts into which the ownership of a company is divided. 9. Our general manager is in c(harge/charge) of running the company and for making reefer strategic decisions with the CEO.Unit 6 21. The treatment of a risk in one area may significantly increase the to risk in another area. contact exposure revelation disclosure 22. Failure to attempt the risks that can occur can easily result in a bewilder riddled with potential for failure. managing manage to manage managed 23. While risk management has improved in the last decade, the risks have changed. undoubted undoubting undoubtedly undoubtful 24. Recovery plans of companies should accept making certain their vendors and suppliers are in any case prepared for business . interferences interruptions nterventions intrusions 1. The SIA offers a unique forum for dealing with health and issues that may impact establish or sale of semiconductors domestically. safety protection security well-being 2 We need executives who can manage strategic risks properly in addition to being able to decisive action whenever necessary. make take do work 3. The company is losing direction and its core products are losing .. appeal fashion tempt picture 4. There was a marked growth in turnover, the groups rapid expansion over the last decade. forge devises reflected eflecting 5. Implementing a systematic to piece of work safety will require a cultural change in many organizations and within the safety profession. way methodology road approach 6. Company policy and workstation practice must dictate that safety never takes a back to other interests. electric chair sit seat row No one should tolerate a potentially disabling or life-threatening risk in the of cost-cutting, productivity or any other priority. name image title behalf It is unachievable to all risk when entering a new market. legitimate delineate imitate eliminate 9.Research show that one- ordinal of the worlds confidential information companies have for improvement. place location area room 10. Unless businesses accept and criticism risk regularly, they could eventually find themselves in a state of crisis, struggle to survive focused growth. instead than but rather than Gapfilling 1. If a risk is n(egligible/negligible), it is so small that that it is not worth worrying about. 2. A(ctuary/actuary) is a person who calculates how likely accidents, such as fire, flood or loss of property, are to happen, and tells insurance companies how much they should charge their customers. . Many business leaders are s(cratching/scratching) their heads when it comes to protecting their business against risks. 4. Businesses that do attempt to manage these risks will boost their b(ottom/bottom) lines. 5. H(azard/hazard) is something that is dangerous and likely to cause damage. 6. Absenteeism is the practice of regularly staying away from work or school without good reason. 7. There is a lot companies can do to stop risky events from becoming a disaster in the first p(lace/place). 8. C(raftsmanship/craftsmanship) is the skill at making things. 9.Joint v(enture/venture) is a commercial enterprise undertaken jointly by two or more parties which otherwise retain their distinct identities. 10. S(take/stake) is a share or a financial function in something such as a business. If the risk is n(egligible/negligible), it is so small that it is not worth worrying about. D(icey/Dicey) is an informal word which means the same as risky. Economic b(lockade/blockade) is a situation when a country or place is surrounded by soldiers or ships to stop people or goods from going in or out. Unit 7 26. from Facebook, Fotobounce can also upload photos to Flickr.Away Apart Except Separated To be open and transparent as part of our commitment to boost public in publicly funded education. reliance possession confidence intimacy 28. Vehicle add providers have set up internet where they allow clients to fill out loan applications on the internet. functions working operations actions 29. Yoox. com chose to launch in Europe first, close to the designers goods it sells. that which whom whose 30. We enjoy working with companies that want to the online world and generate revenue through the world wide web (www). mbrace contain hold encircle 1 biggest US retailers are developing integrated operations. Some of the Some the S ome of Of the 2. The company has expanded well beyond its as a trafficker of books and CDs, acting as an online mall selling everything from gourmet foods to clothing. basis ground causes roots 3. JC Penney, the century-old department store chain, its Internet sales reach $600m last year. saw looked pointed stared 71. If you waste your companys money you could risk going bankrupt because the money that you are wasting could be better spent else where. oing go to go went 72. If you . customize a product or service, you make or change it according to the buyers need. customize individualize justify market 73. Smarterwork does an excellent job of matching freelance. professionals to organizations looking for particular skills. professors professionals employers recruiters 74. If you are .. browsing the Internet, you are looking for information on it. seeking canvass browsing logging on 75. A directory is a book which gives a list of names, addresses or other facts. dictionary posta l directory guidebook 76.Major players such as Coca-Cola are now seeing their Facebook pages receive more hits than their individual websites. comers guests strikes hits 77. A gourmet is a person who knows a lot about food and cooking, and who enjoys eating high-quality food. eater taster appetite gourmet 78. High-street products are those that are intended for ordinary public and not for rich people. high-street low-street parkland usual 79. Russian internet company Yota has grown from to become one of the largest firms in the market. basics scratch nothing constitutional 80. Internet shopping is easier, more convenient and offer bigger. nd a lot of the major retailers are having to get to grips with it because consumers are dragging them into the space. sorts goods ranges kinds 81. As we didnt understand the potential impact of e-purchasing early enough, so we are follow behind our competitors. coming stepping lagging walking 82. Our company will be able to compete in the new g lobal marketplace only if we seize the opportunities present. seize Do Make hold Fillblank 1. Search e(ngine/engine) is a computer program which finds information on the Internet by looking for words which you have typed in. To l(itter/litter) means to spread across an area or place untidily. 3. A s(tart-up/start-up/ start up/tart up) is a newly established business. A(utonomy/autonomy) is the ability to act and make decisions without being controlled by anyone else. 4. Bricks and m(ortar/mortar) is the term used to denote a business that operates conventionally rather than over the Internet. 5. M(ail-order/mail-order/ mail order/ail order) is a way of buying goods in which you choose what you want, usually from a catalogue, and it is sent to you. FillBlank Unit 1 1.As an instructor she has s(ense/sense) of humor, she is enthusiastic and sets long-span goals. 2. C(orporate/corporate) i(dentity/identity) is the characteristics of acorporationwhich is intentional to accord with and facilitate the progress of business objectives. It is usually visibly manifested by way of branding and the use of divvy upmarks. 3. To encourage effective communication between departments, the Trust was keen to admit open p(lan/plan) office accommodation. Unit 2 4. The process of expanding b(eyond/beyond) the domestic market can seem very intimidating and daunting for many small businesses. . If you state an amount per c(apita/capita), you mean that amount for each person. 6. An o(utlet/outlet) is shop that owned by a particular company and that sells the goods which the company has produced. 7. One of the big problems for smaller investors is getting a f(oothold/foothold) in the commercial property market. 8. F(oreign/forgeign) e(exchange/xchange) is the system by which the type of money used in one country is exchanged for another countrys money, making international trade easier. Unit 3 9. If you b(reak/break) off a talk with someone, you stop it because you cant find agreeme nt. 0. ILT Services is set to b(uild/build) up a sales network for Poland, the Czechoslovakian Republic, Slovakia and Hungary. 11. LABG is a student organization whose purpose is to f(oster/foster) the relations between gelt Booth and Latin American people. Unit 4 12. The customer b(ase/base) is the group ofcustomersorconsumersthat abusinessserves. 13. A w(holly/wholly) owned subsidiary is a company whose stock is entirely owned by another company. 14. C(osmetic/cosmetic) s(urgery/surgery) is any medical operation which is intended to improve a persons appearance rather than their health. 15.If you o(utbid/outbid) someone for something, you offer more money than him or her to buy that thing. Unit 5 16. C(omission/commission) is the payment to someone who sells goods which is directly related to the amount of goods sold. 17. C(ommon/common) sense is the basic level of practical knowledge and judgment that we all need to help us live in a reasonable and safe way. 18. If you get a pa y r(ise/rise), you have an increase in the fixed amount of money you earn for doing your job. 19. Like the rest of the world, Canada will face a labour c(runch/crunch/crisis/risis) in the next 10 years. Unit 6 20.Successful modern leaders should be supportive of staff, but should also take d(ecisive/decisive) action to maintain standards of behaviour. 21. A h(azard/hazard) is something that is dangerous and likely to cause damage. 22. Staff t(urnover/turnover) is the rate at which employees leave a company and are replaced by new people. 23. A(bsenteeism/ bsenteeism) is a habitualpatternofabsencefrom adutyorobligation. Traditionally, it has been viewed as an indicator of poor individual performance. 24. fiscal services firms are ahead of the curve when it c(omes/comes) to risk management practices.Unit 7 26. A d(irectory/directory) is a book that gives a list of names, addresses or other facts. 27. A p(ioneer/pioneer) is a person who is one of the first people to do something. 28. M(ail/mail) o(rder/order) is way of buying goods in which you choose what you want, usually from acatalogue, and it is sent to you. 29. If someone or something is home-g(rown/grown), they belong to or were developed in your own country. 30. If a product or a service is e(xclusive/exclusive), it is expensive and only for people who are rich or of a high social class. IndicateMistakes Midterm 1.In the Harvard Business School professor Theodore Lewitts seminal paper The internationalization of Market, (written) in 1983, he argued that, as new media and technology shrank the world, peoples tastes would converge, (creating) a wiz global market that (would be dominated) by the worlds most (success) brands. 2. So when the Berlin Wall (fell) and the barriers (to) world trade (came down), it seemed Prof Lewitt would be proved (rightly). 3. Global brand owners (poured into) the (newly opened markets) and, facing (few competition) in countries (unaccustomed to) consumer culture, they thought they would clean up.Then some awkward commercial realities started to close in. 4. Once local consumers (had tried) these new products, they ( engraft) them (far too expensively) to buy (on regular basis), even if they liked them. 5. And soon, local producers (sprang up) (offer) much better (value for money) with products of only (slightly inferior quality) at a vastly lower price. 6. (Usually), too, these products were (better suited) to local tastes and cultural preferences than (that) being (foisted onto) consumers by the global corporations. 7.The global brand owners were left (spreading) their advertising and other (fixing costs) over (tiny market shares) and often faced (extra costs), such as tariffs. 8. In (many of) these countries today, global brand owners command the (super-premium end) of he market in any (given product category), while local brands command (rest). 9. The global brand owners could try (to move) into the mass market by (creating) low-price products (desig n) to suit local tastes, but that would throw them into frontal competition with local companies possessing better distribution channels and a (far deeper understanding) of the market. 0. Increasingly, therefore, they have resorted to (buying) local brands and the companies (whose) own them. And here, of course, (lies) the paradox. Whatever is the point of owning a global brand if it does not (work) in global market? Final exam 1. (On the surface), compromising working might (seem to be) about people (being) able to choose their working hours and, perhaps, throw some time (to work) away from the office. 2. But it is also (a fundamental change) in the way (people work)- and, (more importantly), the way (they managed). 3. plastic working is (a shift) from time-based to result-based (working practices) and could herald the biggest change (for) the (workplace) since the (start) of the industrial revolution. 4. New employee legislation is one of the main (motivation) for employers (to i ntroduce) flexible working practice-but not the only one. In Europe, for example, employers are obliged (to offer) parents with young or handicapped children the right (to request) flexible working. 5. While legislation is a major accelerator to (introducing) flexible working, there are other reasons.In the US, for example, the fall in the price of (mass market computer) and communications technologies (are) encouraging organization (to allow) more home working. 6. Flexible working is also (likely) to (appeal to) a wider skill share and help with (staff retention). bond Sue Rogers, human capital management leader at IBM Global Service, says that IBM has embraced flexible working (helping) with recruitment. 7. In Europe, companies have to (provide) flexible working (because of) legislation-but it is also a way (to recruit) from a broader skill pool, (include) women and older people. . (With) an (ageing) workforce we have to find ways to retain older staff. It also gives (greater s cope) to male employees who (increasing) want flexible working to create a better work/life balance. 9. Although new legislation (is forcing) organizations (to adopt) flexible working practices, there are (sound) business reasons to give employees more (flexible). 10. Organizations which have (embraced) flexible working have found that it can (cut costs) and improve productive). More importantly, it enables them (to recruit) staff from much broader skill pool and retain staff.Resit 1. Management (at) large organizations do not embark (on) widespread and risky company restructurings (unless) they believe their businesses are (for) straitened financial circumstances. 2. And the potential long-term damage (with) company branding that can be done if staff and managers clash publicly (over) plans will some always take a back seat (to) other priorities, such as getting the business back (into) profit. 3. Nevertheless, brands are (a key part) of the intangible assets that (is) playing an (increasingly) important quality on company (balance sheets). 4.This (means) that it can be a serious issue for any business if its brands emerge as (tainted) in the long term by strikes and other industrial conflicts. If this is the (risky), how can corporations or other (branded organizations) reduce this danger? 5. Langford estimates that about a ternary of his clients problems (with respect to) this risk (are) caused by the behavior of their (staff) with industrial action and disaffected workers (be) the most common examples. 6. light industrial relations do not come about (in isolation). They reflect (on) the business (as whole) and the way (in which) it is being managed. 7.If the management think the brand is (something) (done) by the marketing communications department, (this) makes for very poor brand (strategic). 8. The danger here for service companies (is) that the impression of the brand (given) to the customer is often dictated by the (behave) of staff at the bottom of the (organization hierarchy). 9. Brands (represent) the (value) of the organizations relationship with (their) customers. Its the one thing (a competitor) cannot copy. 10. Companies are not able (to insure) against (declines) in brand value, but often compound the problem by (not manage) the risk to (their) most valuable asset.Indicate mistakes Midterm (1-3) 1. The communication between companies and customers is (increasing) becoming two-way, with customers service centres ( intentional) to gather information, not just (complaints), from customers about (all aspects of use) of a companys products. 2. (Some) say that first impressions (count). (Another) think that someones character can only be judged after a lot of (contact) in business contexts and socially. 3. A new trend for companies (to set up) e-marketplaces on the Internet (that) they work unneurotic (on) procurement of materials and parts.Suppliers can make bids (in competition with) each other. 4. When firms work in co ncert (on) a particular project, they may (enter) into a strategic alliance. This may (take the format) of a (joint venture) between two or three companies or a crime syndicate between several organizations. 5. Globalization has (affected) marketing strategies in many ways. In the past, for example, the best way to enter a market tended (be) the main concern. Today, (by contrast), international marketers ask themselves whether it is better to standardize or to adapt a product (across) different markets. . (Finding) the right international mix has (become) one of the key (question), and answers vary (greatly) from company to company and from product to product. 9. HCPS is a private health care organization (based) in Geneva, Switzerland. It (offers) advice and (treat) to wealthy people and company employees (all over the world). 10. The HCPS group was (formed) a year ago, (following) a takeover of HCP by Sanicorp, another health care organization. Since the takeover, the company has become more centralized, with more decisions (is) made by the top management at (head office).Final (1-7) 1 It (estimated) that 90 per cent of (medium) to large companies that could not (resume) near-normal operations within five days of an emergency would (go out of) business. 2 While acts of terrorism receive the most (coverage), its the more traditional (events) such as fires, floods, explosions, power failures or natural disasters (who) have the biggest (impact). 3 To (best) protect cashflow, competitive position and profit, companies need to (access) the potential hazards that can (impact) top revenue sources and make sure (there is) business continuity planning. 4. Getting) to a (win-win situation) clearly requires (a number of) special skills, such as (make) concessions. 5. After 17 years of (lobbying) by Mr Greenberg, AIG was the first foreign (insurer) (being) allowed (in to) China. 6. Over the (past) six years, Samsung (fights) to move its brand image more (upmarket) to c ompete with (premium) names, such as Sony. 7. imperativeness has (mounted) on Samsung to keep its (efforts). The company recently slipped back (into) third place behind Motorola (on) mobile handset sales. 8. It is clear that young people have a (huge impact) (over) their parents and older people (when) it comes to (choose) technology. . (On) the surface, flexible working might seem to be about people (be) able to choose their working hours, and perhaps, spend (some time) working away from office. But it is also a fundamental change in the way people work, and more (importantly) the way they are managed. 10. (Flexible working) is also likely to appeal (with) a wider (skill pool) and help (with) staff retention. Resit (1-7) 1 People are happiest not only when they are (respected member) of a team (they admire) (but) when the team and the company are respected by (the world outside). Being (part) of a (trusted), honest group is an indispensable component of employee happiness and engag ement. So (is) (establish) ties with colleagues you respect. 3 Management at large organizations do not embark (on) widespread and (risk) company (restructurings) unless they believe their businesses are in (straitened) financial circumstances. 4. Brands (are) a key part of the intangible (assess) that are (playing) an increasingly important role (on) company balance sheets. 5. It can be a serious issue (for) any business if its brands (emerge) as tainted (in the long term) by strikes and (another) industrial conflicts. . (Figures) out from 2004 from Ofcom, the communications regulator, (showed) that more than 56 per cent of homes had internet (access), with a third of those (have) a broadband connection. 7. Externally, advertising has been the most visible (form) of communication (with) customers. (Usual) this is designed to increase product sales, but there is also institutional advertising, designed to improve perceptions of company (as a whole). 8. UK companies have failed in th e past (prepare) their (staff) in key areas before (sending) them abroad. Whats new is that they are starting to (pay attention to) it. . While 89 per cent of companies originatorly assess a candidates job skills prior to a foreign posting, less than half go through the same process for cultural suitability. 10. Several department heads are unhappy because they cant get a quick answer when they want to spend money, even small sums. When they ask their present line manager 1. In 1967, John Kenneth Galbraith argued that the USA (was run) by a handful of big companies (who) planned the economy in the name of stability. These were (hierarchy) and bureaucratic organizations (making) long runs of standardized products. 2.They introduced new and improved (varieties) with predictable regularity they provided their workers (for) sprightliness employment and they enjoyed (fairly) good industrial relations with the ( demon trade unions). 3. That world is now dead. The USs giant corporations h ave either (disappeared) or (be transformed) by global competition. (Most) have shifted their production systems from high-volume to high-value, from standardized to customized. And they have (flattened) their management hierarchies. 4. a pit of(prenominal) people these days expect (to spend) their lives (to move) up the ladder of a single organization.Dramatic changes (are taking place). But where exactly are they (taking up)? Where is the modern company heading? 5. These are three standard answers (to) this question. The first is that a handful of giant companies are engaged (with) a silent takeover of the world. The past couple of decades have (seen) a record number of mergers. The survivors are (far) more mesomorphic than nation states. 6. The second (school of thought) argues (almost the opposite) it (says) that big companies are thing of the past. For a glance of the future, look at the Monorail Corporation, (that) sells computers. 7.Monorail (owns no) factories, warehouse s or any (others) tangible assets. It operates in an office building in Atlanta. (Freelance workers) are designing the computers while (demand) is still low. 8. The third (school of thought) (says) that companies are being replaced by net works. Groups of entrepreneurs form such a network to market an idea. They then sell it to the highest bidder and (move on to) produce another idea and to create another firm, with the money (is) supplied all the time by venture capitalists. 9. Another way (to look) at the future of the company is (to focus) on the environment that will determine it.That environment is dominated by one thing choice. Technology and globalization opens up (ever more) opportunities for individuals and (firm) to collect information and conduct economic activity outside traditional structures. 10. While the age of (mass production) lowered the costs of products (for) the expense of (limiting) choices, modern flexible production systems both (lower) costs and increase ch oices. 11. Consumers have more choice over where (will they spend) their money. Producers have more choice over which suppliers (to use). Shareholders have more choice over where (to put) (their) money. 12.With (all that choice) around, future (company) will have to be very flexible in order to (quickly adapt) to the changing environments if they (are to survive). 1. The nation was (in shock). David Beckham, Britains most (beautiful) football gameer emerged from his house on Monday morning (to allow) the world (photograph) a wound above his left eye. 2. Sir Alex Ferguson, manager of (his then team) Manchester United, had (lost his temper) after a defeat and(kick) a football boot, (which) hit the Beckham eyebrow. 3. In sports, more than in most businesses, the management tactical manoeuvre are (out in the open) for all to see.Not many managers try (to strangle) their subordinates-as Bobby Knight, a former basketball coach at Indiana University, (once do). But the ability (to inhal e aid) has always been an essential tool of management. 4. (Lots of) successful chief executives (rule by terror). (None), it must be said, (reaches) the standard (setting) by John Patterson, who built NCR early in the 20th century. 5. One NCR executive discovered he (had been fired) when he found his desk and chair (in flames) on the company lawn. Modern laws (on) constructive dismissal and employee bedevilment have put an end (with) such fun. . However, terror in the workplace is (making a comeback) these days. In an economic upswing, idolatry (goes underground). Workers are (scarcity), and therefore reigning bosses must handle the talent (with) care. 7. When times (turn tough), the balance of power swings. As Hank Paulson, chairman of Goldman Sachs, (put it), in a speech that upset his staff, in almost every one of our businesses, there are 15-20% of the people that really (adds) 80% of the value. (In other words), 80-85% are largely redundant-and had better shape up fast. 8 . Does fear really motivate?In sport, says Scott Snook, who teaches organizational behavior at Harvard Business School, fear can become a barrier to (take) risks, (yet) can provide the essential emotional kick needed to (meet) a challenge. Coaches need to (strike) the right balance in order to develop talent. 9. Yet (use) in mount uproom, fear can be disastrous. Tony Couchman, a headhunter at Egon Zehnder in London, (recalls) the board of a large firm with a chief executive who so dominated his directors that they (rarely) questioned or challenged him. Success in such a company depends on (having) a great leader and a steady market, he argues. 0. Jim Collins, author of a book that explains why some firms (succeed in) making the set off from good to great and (other) fail, found that the approach (to) fear was a key distinction among firms that he surveyed. He found that in the (truly) successful firms people were productively neurotic. 11. At Microsoft, for example, employees wor ry all year (at the prospect) of their yearbook meetings with Bill Gates, (who) even (being shouted at) would not hurt as much as (seeming) to be an idiot. 12. The (driving) fear of failure, points out Mr.Collins, is not unique (to) corporate life. Im self-employed, and I live with constant fear, he says. But Im self-afraid. That kind of fear is common among creative artists and also in professional services (where) the person is the product and lots of sparse egos have to (manage). 1. In its 30-year history, Nike had become the (undisputed) leader in sports marketing. But at a lower place the success (was) an Achilles heel. Nike is named (for) a woman the Greek goodness of victory-but for most of its history, the company had been perceived as (being) mostly about men. . Could Nike do more to derive full potential of female customers? And how could it afford (not to), given the threats to its future with bloodline Jordan (ran) out of air and brands like Sketchers (digging) in to the teen market with shoes inspired by skateboarding, not basketball. That was a huge question at Nike HQ. The launch of Nike Goddess was the (makings) of an answer. 3. For (many of) its history, Nikes destiny was controlled by its founders, Phil Knight and his (running buddies), who designed up athletes in locker rooms and made the (executive decisions).But by throwing together a assorted team of people with different backgrounds and different levels of seniority, Nike has found that it can keep (many of) its core attributes while (adding) news sources of inspiration. 4. (Taking) the (combination) of star designer John Hoke and newcomer Mindy Grossman, vice president of global apparel. Hoke designed (the look) and (feel) of the first Nike Goddess store. 5. Then Grossman, whose career has included (helping) (making) Ralph Lauren into a retail icon, pitched the design ideas to Nikes top retailers as stores within stores.Now it (looks) like Nike has a chance (to reach) a essentia l objective double its sales to women by the end of the decade. 6. Nike Goddess began (as a concept) for a women-only store, and theres a reason why. (Many) of the retail settings in which the companys products were found were a turnoff to female customers dark, loud, and harsh- in a word, male. (On sharp contrast), the Nike Goddess stores have the comforting (feel) of a womans own home. 7. Designing a new approach to retail was only one element in Nikes campaign. (Another) was redesigning the shoes and clothes (themself).Nikes footgear designers worked (on) 18-month production cycles-which made (it) hard to stay in step with the new styles and colours for women. 8. The apparel group, (which) worked around 12-month cycles, was better at (keeping on with) fashion trends. But (that) (meant) that the clothes werent co-ordinated with the shoes-a big turnoff for women. 9. When Jackie Thomas, Nikes US brand marketing director for w