Information System Market

study governing body MarketTo be successful in todays competitive market place, schemes need access to a telephone circuit education brass that produce accurate and targeted cultivation about customers, markets and competitors. development system is a combination of people, hardw be, softw atomic number 18, communication devices, interlockings and containive information resources that processes data and information for a specific subprogram. The system needs inputs from users to process it using tech no.ogy devices much(prenominal)(prenominal) as computers to produces occasion that lead be sent to an separate user or other system via a meshwork and receives a feedback method that controls the operation. Information system helps boldness processes and operates its daily works more(prenominal) accurately and easily. The vast majority of information system argon developed for and used by people in available areas To develop information system that addresses the need s of the organization, information system get byment professional persons must process a solid mix of business and technical knowledge. t act ask TheoryA system is an organized collection of subsystems that are highly integrated to accomplish an overall goal. The system has dissimilar inputs, which go through certain processes to produce certain outputs which together accomplish the overall desired goal for the system, Clark (1994). Systems range from impartial to complex. Complex systems are comprised of numerous subsystems that are arranged in hierarchies and integrated to accomplish the overall goal of the system. Each subsystem has its declare boundaries of sorts and entangles various inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes geared to accomplish an overall goal for the subsystem. Complex systems usually interact with their environments and are thus open systems. A high functioning system continually exchange feedback among its various come aparts to ensure that they re of import closely aligned and concentrate on achieving the goal of the system. If any of the parts or activities in the system seems weakened or misaligned, the system ingests necessary adjustments to more hard-hittingly achieve its goals. System theory helps handlers view the organizations from a broader perspective that include structures, patterns and events rather than just the events themselves. This is what is known as system thinking which is used as a legal instrument for system analysis.Trendy Garments Ltd (TGL) is a complex set of interdependent subsystems such as Accounting, Marketing, HRM, Design, Sales, Purchase and Warehousing, Manufacturing, logistics and Dispatch that work collaboratively to accomplish the organizations goal which is manufacturing and selling various types of male and female garments. TGL is an open system that takes in resources and information from its environment, processes them in different ways and returns a range of products to mortals and systems in its environment. It is highly dependent on its environment for survival.TGL system characteristicsInput TGL take in pecuniary resources mainly from selling its products. Another vital form of input for TGL system is information such as market re lookup data, political, business and customers needs and forethoughts. Buying products from fabric supplier lav be considered as an measurable input.Process or throughput In this organization, the subsystems have very specialized functions and their works include several processes that are both distinct and interdependent. For example, the purchase department and warehouse receive input in the form of fabric, through individual effort and group works they turn the fabric into beautiful garments. The marketing department uses research data to create effective advertisement with the intent to generate revenue. Another important type of organizational throughput is the work of coordinating individual and subsystems effort toward the goal of producing output. This work may be d unmatched through formal processes such as staff meetings, planning and decision- making, communication between the departments, discussing and working together.Output The most obvious output of TGL organization is manufacturing and selling female and male garments. Another output is advertisement of TGLs products in the market. Introducing changes in the organization based on the market needs is another important output.Environment According to open system theory, TGL interacts with its environment in a complex series of interrelated loops such as individuals, increased use of information system by all business organizations, change in customers needs and demands, change in business political rules and policies, competitors, suppliers , contact with local, national and international retailers and entirely sellers and enlargement of the business. Their success depends on how hygienic their characteristics and behavior align with th eir environment.Feedback Completing the cycle, TGL receives feedback from its environment about its product and function in the forms of sale figures, business reviews, expansion of business, increase in number of employees and marketing search. Individual subsystems may also receive feedback from their immediate environments inside the organization. This information serves as new input and becomes part of a new cycle and potentially shapes coming(prenominal) actions.Goal TGLs main goal is to produce the top quality garments for male and female that meets their needs and expectation and has a very well known reputation in the market.In separately system, the information flow between the system and its subsystems should be clear and simple in order to perform its daily work. There is always interrelated communications and integration between all subsystems in the organization, Brynjolfssn Mendelson (1993). Managers cannot look at separately department separately. They should rec ognize the various parts of the organization and in limited, the interrelations of the parts. For instance, the coordination of the central office with other departments, communication between purchasing department and warehousing department, integration between purchasing department and manufacturing department, coordination between bill department and purchasing department and so on. This coordination occurs also between the sections of each department. Therefore, we can see that the inputs of one department can be an output for another department and vice versa. calculating machine NetworkingIt is the practice of linking two or more computing devices together for the target of sharing data. Networks are built with a mix of computer hardware and computer software. Networking enables people within your business to work with each other and with other people in other locations and other businesses. It enables contact in entirely new ways and entirely new levels across the offices and right around the world. Computer networks allow the users to access remote programs and remote database either of the comparable organization or from other enterprises. It raises communication possibilities faster than other facilities. Beside these reasons, computer networks reduce cost by sharing hard and software resources. It also has high reliability by having multiple source of supply and having bulkyer flexibility because of possibility to get together devices from various venders. Because of the importance of this technology, decisions of purchase, structure and operation of computer networks cannot be left to technical staff. Management as well has a critical need for understanding the technology of computer network. Good computer network prevents defects in the system and system down all the time, is secure and prevents hackers.Computer networks fall into two main types client/server networks and peer to peer networks. A client/server networks use one or more dedi cated server to share the files, markers and diligences. friction match to peer networks allow any user to share files with any other user and doesnt require a central dedicated server. The most common networks are Local Area Networks (LAN), Wide Area Networks (WAN) and Internet.Since TGL is a growing organization, it is in great need for these networks to achieve its goals. TGL needs both LANs and WANs. LAN connects departments in the same area together to share files, work on projects, send instant massages and e-mail massages simultaneously. WANs connect multiple LANs together, usually over large distance. To networks everyone together, servers, router, core switch, switches, exculpate wall and personal computers are needed. The most suitable design for TGL is client/server network. The system will be used by programming nomenclature connected data base. This is easier to implement data, more secure, efficient, time consuming and friendly use for end users. The program must b e custom system so that it can be changed based on changes in environment of TGL and can be developed when necessary. The system and data base in the server will be shared between clients and admin. Microsoft windows 2003 will be used for the server and Vista or XP for the client. .net programming language provided with SQL server 2005 is needed. After installing the system, create network accounts for the users (names, passwords). Passwords will be saved in data base. Users should be in data base to use the system. For security purpose, log in appears each time the user open the system. The menu contains each departments and it is friendly use. Create areas on shared disk drives for users to share data files and programs. Each department has its own data base and there is connection between each department data base using data base relation. Users can add, delete and make search according to the organizations policy while administrators have access to everything in the system and c an perform all the related functions.Topology refers to the way in which the network of the computers is connected. Each regional anatomy is suited to specific task and has its own advan nockes and disadvantages. The choice of topology is dependent upon type and number of equipment being used, be after application and rate of data transfer, required response time and cost. There are four major topologies, bus, tree, ring and paladin. Most networking software support all topologies. Topologies are an important part of network design theory. Therefore, any organization should select the one that best fit its purpose. The best topology for this network would be star topology. Star topology is designed with each node (file server, workstation and peripherals) connected directly to a central network hub. Data on a star network passes through the hub before continuing to its destination. The hub manages and controls all functions of the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow. This configuration is common with twisted pair cable. Star topology is easy to install and wire, no disruptions to the network then connecting or removing devices, easy to detect faults and to remove parts, easy to add new workstations, centralise control and centralized network/hub monitoring and prevent traffic collision in data. However, it requires more cable length, if the hub fails, nodes attached are disabled, and more expensive. The protocols used with star configuration are usually Ethernet or Local Talk.Accounting and HRM systemsAccounting information system uses modern information technology resources to provide users with the financial information necessary to manage their organizations. Accounting information systems cover all business functions from backbone accounting transaction processing systems to sophisticated financial management planning and processing systems. The staff that you install will depend on factors such as the size and complexity of your or ganization, your existing financial systems and the expertise of your accounting staff. You have to ensure that your organizations financial system is handling all its functions. Your goal is to keep your system as simple as possible while meeting your current and potential needs, Elliott (2004). Be sure to take future growth into consideration and evaluate whether you can modify a software package by adding additional modules in the future if the organization expands or you need to revise the system. Modules includeSystem manager control the computerized accounting system.General ledger receives entries from other modules, creates key financial documents such as balance sheets, lets users amend information previously posted, records financial transactions not recorded in other modules, creates budgets which allows an organization to track differences between planned and actual business results and creates detailed audit trials.Accounts receivable handles the reporting of income owe d to an organization from sales, responsible for billing clients, recognizes deposits to bank accounts, usually maintains the master files about customers, has the capacity to move out a list of all money due, identifies the source and notes how long the debt has been outstanding.Accounts payable handles the reporting of money due to others, may have the capacity to print computer-generated checks to vendors, maintains master records, permits posting of immediate payments, allows an organization to recognize expenditures and update budgets at the purchase order stage, recognizes costs when the invoice is posted.Inventory updates inventory stocks and prices when goods are received, reduces inventories at the time of sale, links the purchase order system to show goods on order, alerts staff when goods need to be reordered.Fixed assets tracks key information such as cost, date when put in service, title holder and useful life of fixed assets, may also track model and serial numbers, l ocation, identification tag number, warranty, service information and vendor.To be able to manage a company efficiently, one should always have full information about each particular business process and the whole company. Accounting cannot always provide top manager with such information because it focuses mostly on the needs of external entities. The purpose of management accounting is to provide full and trustworthy information necessary for making correct management decisions and plans. The management accounting reflects all factual expenses and revenues of the organization so a top manager can get a clear picture of the organization operation and make reasonable decisions. Modules include staff/organizational structure management module reflects the organizational structure in the automated system. Departments, sub-departments, and positions are formed according to the company staff list. The staff manager gets the necessary tool arounds for performing their tasks inputting an d accounting the company staff information.Production management module contains tools for working with the information about all production process components, projects, developers and financial documents.Customer relationship module is a set of programming interfaces for entering and managing information about organizations customers.Revenues/expenses analysis module is a data analysis tool that is necessary to the company managers of all levels. Especially important is the financial accounting because it is the financial analysis that helps determine the companys financial situation and success.Reporting module creates individual reports at the top managers request apart from the general usual, regulated reports.Accounting interfacing module exports the necessary data from management accounting system to the external accounting software.Human resource management allows enterprises to automate many aspects of human resource management with the dual benefits of reducing the workloa d of HR department as well as increasing the efficiency of the department by standardizing HR processes, Stalinski, (2004). The HR department plays a vital role in ensuring the smooth running of an enterprise. Modules includePayroll module automates the payroll process allowing HR to ensure that payroll functions are completed on time and without errors.Time and labour management module is designed to collate and analyze employee timekeeping information in the processes of organizational cost accounting. By sourcing data directly from the timekeeping devices and methods used to calculate payroll, this module can provide management with valuable data regarding the use of labour resources within the enterprise.Benefit administration module provides the personnel with the capacity to monitor and manage employees participation in a range of benefits programs such as health insurance, pension schemes and profit sharing.HR management module provides a range of HR solutions ranging from an alyses of application data through to the basic demographic data of employees.Electronic businessE-business means using the internet or related technologies for any of business operation. This includes managing essential processes such as human resources, financial and administration systems as well as external processes such as sales and marketing, supply of goods and services and customer relationships. The emerge e-business market affords companies of all sizes and types the opportunity to leverage their existing assets, employees, technology infrastructure and information to gain or maintain market share, Li (2007).TGL can run its business more efficiently, achieve more with fewer resources and for less cost using e-business. This can be accomplished by integrating business system and eliminating duplication of efforts. Using e-business can make TGL administrative and operational activities more efficient through accessing the internet to source information about the industry, suppliers and products and fro general search, cyclosis traditional physical transactions into electronic transactions, human resources management, customer relationship management and using appropriate project management software. By selling products and services online, an e-business is able to reach a much wider consumers base than any traditional store could ever hope for. An e-business may also use the internet to get wind wholesale products or supplies for in-house production. In addition to buying and selling products, e-business may also handle other traditional business aspects. The use of electronic scold as a form of technical and customer support is an excellent example of this. Using e-mail and private websites as a method for dispensing internal memos is another use of the internet by e-business. Rather than producing time-intensive and costly physical copies for each employee, a central server or e-mail list can serve as an efficient method for distributing necessa ry information. To remain viable, e-business must adjust to evolving technologies, continually integrate new systems and satisfy a wide human body of consumers. If a business fails to do so, its customers do not have far to go to buy from competitors.According to Walsh, e-business tools include mobile phones, personal digital supporter (PDA), electronic data interchange, file transfer, facsimile and video conferencing, internets, intranets and extranets. Activities that can be performed using e-business tools include trading of goods or services online, electronic retailing, use of the internet, intranets or extranets to conduct research and manage business activities, web site marketing, online communications such as e-mail and online training for staff. The way in which you manage your business relationships through e-business is known asBusiness to business (B2B) where organizations trade with each other electronically.Business to consumer (B2C) where organizations communicate directly with customers electronically.Consumer to consumer (C2C) where consumers meet in a realistic environment to share information.TGL can use e-business to communicate with customers, members or suppliers via e-mail, send e-mails to other organizations to order products and services, sell or promote their products, or services via their clear site, use the web to find information such as prices, use the web for research, such as the latest trends, use their tissue site as a means of managing the information in their business and use the internet for online banking and paying bills.To implement e-business strategies, a portal is needed. A portal represents a vane site that provides a single point of access to applications and information that can be hosted on one or many servers. Portals are becoming more and more important to companies such as TGL who have an ever-increasing need to provide employees, partners and customers with an integrated view of applications, informati on and business processes. Portals meets these needs by allowing companies to build Web sites that combine functionality and resources into a single interface while enforcing business policies, processes and security requirements and providing personalized views of information to end users. A portal is the best solution when a company has the need for several types of Web presence an intranet for its employees, a secure site for interactions with partners and a public Web site, White (2001).Portal sites offer visitors the recover to find almost anything they are looking for in one place. They often provide news, sports, and weather information as well as the ability to search the web. Horizontal portals are that aggregate information on a broad range of topics. Vertical portals are more specific because they offer a great deal of information pertaining to a single area of interest and this is what is needed for TGL. Portals that link consumers to online merchants, online shopping m alls and auction sites provide several advantages. These portals help users collect information on products and services thus facilitating comparison shopping.ConclusionInformation Systems Management is the application of information technology to support the major functions and activities of any business organization. doctrine supports the process of collection, manipulation, storage, distribution and utilization of an organizations information resources, Mursu (2007).ISM managers and professionals must stay up-to-date with evolving information technologies and have a solid foundation of technical skills to select appropriate technologies and to implement computer-based information systems. Thus, ISM people must be well versed in topics such as systems development tools and techniques, information architecture, network configurations, databases, and systems integration.They must understand organizational structures, objectives, operations including processes and flow of data betwee n processes and the financial implications related to these factors. Only by understanding these factors can an ism professional committee communicate effectively with users and then design systems that support their needs.ReferencesBrynjolfsson. F, Mendelson. H. (1993) Information System and the Organization of Modern Enterprise. Journal of Organisational Computing.Clark, R. (1994) The Path of Development of Strategic Information System Theory. http//www.anu.edu.au/people/Roger.Clarke/SOS/StratISTh.htmlElliott, G. (2004) Global Business Information Technology. Addison Wesley, Harlow, England.http//www.Network Organizations.htmKurtyka, J. (2003) The limits of business intelligence An Organizational Learning Approach. DM Review. pp. 36-41.Li, F. (2007) What is e-business and does it still matter? International Journal of Information Technology and Management. Vol. 6, no. 2. pp. 125-137.Mursu, A. etal (2007) Activity Theory in information system research and practice theoretical unde rpinnings for an information systems development model. IR information research. Vol. 12, no. 3.Stalinski, S. (2004) Organizational Intelligence A System Perspective. Organizational Development Journal. Vol. 22, No. 2.Walsh, B. Building e-business plan for an e-commerce project networking computing. http//www.networkcomputing.com/917/917f2.htmlWhite, C. (2001) The evolution of e-business portal. DM Review Magazine. http//www.the Evolution of the E-Business Portal.html